Polyester & steel strapping are a common means of unitization and bundling in the packaging industry.
Achieving dramatic annual savings with seemingly small changes in materials or application isn’t something that typically happens overnight. But with over 40 years experience partnering with a wide variety of businesses to identify and implement strategic programs, we’ve seen such high impact success achieved.
Through our client collaborations we’ve accrued hundreds of real world studies with valuable comparison data. And because we believe it’s our responsibility to ensure existing and potential clients have easy access to core strapping data and concepts, we’ve compiled this fact sheet as a foundation.
It's more than enough to get started. And, honestly, that's the most important part of the journey.
Starting the process here is the first step in the right direction. The only way to learn how to ensure you’re doing the best you can for your business is understanding the fundamentals; knowing the different types of strapping available and taking into account the advantages or disadvantages of each; determining whether hand or machine application works best for your needs; and how to choose the right strap and machine for your application.
It’s not an easy process, nor is it an overnight one. It’s a process that takes time, knowledge, and dedication. We can help provide the knowledge, but it’s up to you dedicate the time to do your own research and get yourself acquainted with the terminology, the systems, and the products, as well as with the advantages and disadvantages. As the person who understands your business and your industry best, you're the one who's ultimately in charge.
Strapping is the most commonly used means of unitization and bundling in the packaging industry.
Because of its long history in the packaging world, there are lots of different types of strapping today; however, most strap is made from either steel or plastic. Each has their own advantages and disadvantages, making it critical to figure out exactly what works for your specific needs.
However, before we look at the different types of strapping, it is important to ensure that you are familiar with the terminology of the strapping industry. These are the common terms used to determine the right strapping product for your application and your needs.
Steel is the oldest, strongest, and highest tensile strength strapping available. It is available in a variety of widths and thicknesses, as well as variations in the grade of steel. Steel is used for heavy duty holding where high strength and minimal stretch are desired, as well as when the product may be sharp or hot.
Surface finishes for steel strap include paint, paint and wax, bluing or zinc and wax. The wax is used to better transmit the tension around the bundle and for use with certain types of tensioners.
While it is still the preferred alternative in some industries, the market is declining, largely because it is dangerous to work with (presenting sharp edges) and difficult to recycle. But, common applications still include steel coils, bundles of metal, baling wire, bricks and pavers, and roll end-binding.
Polypropylene is an economical material designed for light to medium duty unitizing, palletizing, and bundling. It is available in various widths, thicknesses, and polymer variations (e.g., copolymers). This product offers higher elongation, but tends to have irrecoverable dead stretch with constant stress.
What is not generally known to end users is that poly strapping will lose about 50% of the applied tension within one hour, and that this tension loss is accelerated with increases in ambient temperature. Poly strapping can printed, offering security and marketing advantages to the strapped product.
Polyester is the most rigid option, offering the strongest plastic strapping, and is used as a viable alternative to steel in many industries. Polyester provides excellent retained tension on rigid loads and its excellent recovery properties help a load absorb impact without strap breakage. It retains tension over a longer period of time.
Since polyester strapping offers the highest strength and greatest retained tension of all the plastic strapping, it is often used on heavy duty loads that need high initial tension along with high retained tension during handling and storage. Competitive pricing and performance characteristics have motivated many steel strapping uses to switch to polyester. This type of poly strapping is available in both machine grade and hand grade and is easy to dispose of and recycle.
Plastic strapping, in general, is often referred to collectively as “poly strapping.” While this can create confusion, remember these useful pieces of advice:
Remember, good tools or machines are critical; if you’re working with something that is outdated or wrong for the application for which you’re using it, you are costing the company thousands of dollars a year in lost productivity and resources.
Tools for steel strapping are always exclusive to steel strapping. Steel strapping cannot be applied with a machine; it can only be applied by a hand-held tool.
When choosing the application methods for your strapping, be careful: there are no tools or machines that cover every strap size and/or type.
Some tools and machines can be used on any poly strapping, some can only be used on either polyester or polypropylene, and some can only be used on steel strapping.
The hardest method is hand appliation because users are applying strap with no tools, only buckles that the strap is wound through, which is then hand-tightened.
These tools rquires a tensioner, a sealer, and seals. This is the most common way of applying strapping. You tighten your strap with the tensioner and seal it with the sealer. Sounds easy, but if you’re using old hand tools, which are typically very heavy and difficult to manuever, it’s anything but easy. Workers not only have to be strong, but they must also know the proper way to use the tools to avoid injury. Hand tools can take between 2 and 3 minutes to secure just one strap.
These style tools combine all the necessary operations - tensioning, sealing, and cutting - into one tool, offered in varying strengths to accommodate the unique needs of the user. Being much lighter-weight, some as light as seven pounds, means no more struggling and needless injuries. And the power aspect allows workers to secure straps up to six times faster than with a hand tool, sometimes taking as little as 30 seconds per strap.
As with battery operated, these tools combine all strapping operations into one tool. However, they use compressed air pressure for power and are offered in varying strengths to accommodate the users and the type of strapping. No more injuries, no more dangerous tools.
There is a variety of strapping equipment on the market today from low volume machines, including semi-automatic arch and table-top machines, to high-volume automatic machines that can be custom designed for any unique application.
There are three basic types of strapping equipment.
Also known as “table top” machines, semi-automatic strapping equiment is entry level style machines used for low volume operations and usually about the size of a small desk. These can only be used with poly strapping.
With a semi-automatic machine, an operator takes a loose end of poly strapping that has been fed from the machine, loops it around the package, and hand feeds it into the strapping and sealing area. The machine tensions the strap according to a pre-set tension, heat seals the ends together, and feeds out a pre-set length of strap for the next cycle.
Arch strapping machines are more automated than semi-automatic machines, but still require an operator to position the package, and press an activation button to start the strapping operation. With an arch machine, the strap travels around an “arch” creating a loop before activation. When the operator activates the strapping sequence, the strap tensions, heat seals, and pre-feeds the strap for the next cycle.
Arch size is critical with an arch machine, since package size is limited to what will fit under the arch.
Arch machines are much faster than semi-automatic machines, less operator dependent, and, thus, more expensive.
Fully automatic strapping equipment have built-in conveyor systems which carry products through the strapping process, activated by an automated device, usually a photocell. As such, they do not require an operator. Similar to the arch machines, size is critical, since package size is limited to what will fit under the arch.
The critical factor with fully automatic machines is the total strap rate, which includes transit time through the conveying system. The conveyor speed of your fully automatic strapping machine must be at least as fast as your existing conveyors, but preferably faster. Don’t design a strapping bottleneck.
Your strapping application should match the production and packaging rate of the rest of your process. You don’t want bottlenecks at the strapping center, nor do you want to pay for speed that is not necessary. Generally, increased speed will mean increased costs; so make sure you know how much speed is necessary. The critical factor with fully automatic machines is the total strap rate, which includes transit time through the conveying system.
KNOW WHAT FEATURES YOU ACTUALLY NEED ON YOUR MACHINE. There are a few options available on semi-automatic strapping equipment, but they are usually applicable to specific types of applications. There are, however, a host of options available on both arch and fully automatic units. Selecting which are appropriate for your application will determine the machine you need and your total purchase cost. More features will translate into a higher initial cost, but may also mean lower total operating costs.
Good maintenance procedures on a strapping machine include documented preventative maintenance, checking all belts, switches, connections, and wear parts. Beyond that, there are three key areas that will maximize uptime:
But, no matter what you do, the fact of the matter is that machines breakdown; they need service and they need parts. Depending on what happens (and how proactive you’ve been in preventative maintenance), you could be looking at days or weeks down.
However, today, there is a new technology available for strapping equipment: modular construction.
With this entirely modular design providing unparalleled flexibility and longevity for general purpose semi- or fully automatic strapping machines, interchangeable modular components simplify maintenance and minimize service disruptions. And modules can be replaced by your own personnel, saving time and money.
Individually, these parts would cost extra, if added to semi- or fully automatic strapping equipment; however, with the unique modular design, all of these units come already integrated into the machine.
We've given you the basics on steel strapping vs. poly strapping and about the types of strapping equipment; you're well on your way to making some very smart decisions about using strapping at your facility.
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